Top Things to Do in Morocco: Explore the Ancient Fes Medina

When creating the ultimate list of things to do in Morocco, exploring the ancient city of Fes is an absolute necessity. Known as the cultural and spiritual heart of the country, Fes is home to Fes el Bali, one of the world's largest and oldest car-free urban areas. To step into the Fes Medina is to step back in time, where the sights, sounds, and smells transport you to a bygone era of medieval craftsmanship, bustling souks, and profound history.

Step Back in Time in Fes el Bali

Founded in the 9th century, Fes el Bali is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a labyrinth of over 9,000 narrow alleyways. Unlike other historic cities that have been heavily modernized, Fes remains a living, breathing medieval metropolis. Donkeys and mules are still the primary mode of transporting goods through the winding streets, and artisans continue to practice trades that have been passed down through generations.

Navigating the medina can be a delightful challenge. The winding paths are lined with vibrant stalls selling everything from hand-woven carpets and intricate brass lamps to towering pyramids of colorful spices. Whether you are starting your journey on a tour from Fes or arriving as part of a larger tour from Casablanca, dedicating at least a full day to getting lost in this magnificent maze is essential.

Must-See Attractions in the Medina

While wandering aimlessly is part of the charm, there are several landmark sites within the medina that you simply cannot miss:

1. The Chouara Tannery

Perhaps the most iconic image of Fes is the Chouara Tannery. Dating back to the 11th century, it is the largest and oldest tannery in the city. Visitors can watch from surrounding terraces as workers treat and dye animal hides in massive stone vats filled with natural pigments like saffron, indigo, and poppy. The process has barely changed in a thousand years, offering a fascinating (though pungent) glimpse into traditional Moroccan leather-making.

2. Bou Inania Madrasa

Built in the 14th century, the Bou Inania Madrasa is a masterpiece of Marinid architecture. It is one of the few religious buildings in Morocco that non-Muslims are allowed to enter. The courtyard is a stunning display of intricate zellige (mosaic tilework), carved cedar wood, and delicate stucco. It stands as a testament to the incredible skill of Moroccan artisans.

3. Al-Qarawiyyin University and Mosque

Founded in 859 AD by Fatima al-Fihri, Al-Qarawiyyin is recognized by UNESCO and Guinness World Records as the oldest continuously operating, degree-granting university in the world. While non-Muslims cannot enter the mosque itself, you can admire its beautiful courtyards and grand doorways from the outside, appreciating its immense historical significance.

The Culinary Delights of Fes

Fes is widely considered the culinary capital of Morocco. Exploring the medina is as much a feast for the palate as it is for the eyes. As you walk through the food souks, you will encounter vendors selling fresh dates, olives, sizzling kebabs, and traditional sweets like chebakia (sesame and honey cookies).

For a truly authentic experience, try the city's signature dish: Pastilla (or B'stilla). This unique savory-sweet pie is traditionally made with pigeon (though chicken is now common), layered with almonds, eggs, and spices, all wrapped in a paper-thin pastry called warqa, and dusted with cinnamon and powdered sugar. Enjoying a hot mint tea and a slice of Pastilla on a rooftop overlooking the medina is a quintessential Moroccan experience.

How to Navigate the Labyrinth

Because the Fes Medina is so vast and complex, hiring a local guide for your first day is highly recommended. A knowledgeable guide will not only keep you from getting hopelessly lost but will also provide invaluable historical context, introduce you to local artisans, and help you discover hidden gems that you would likely walk right past on your own.